With Layla Following is the translation of an interesting article in the BBC .
The UK is obsessed with the threat of obesity. The information on this issue grows with the average weight of the population. The English Chief Medical Officer Sir Liam Donaldson said that obesity we are facing a "time bomb". VIP chefs like Jamie Oliver have spread in homes and school cafeterias campaigns to fight the war on fat.
Yet the science of weight is less straightforward as they suggest sometimes the headlines. Why, for example, some people seem to eat whatever they want without getting fat, while others even when they contain your diet have to struggle to throw something down to ?
In 1967, a medical researcher, Ethan Sims, an experiment carried on in the state prison in Vermont, USA. He asked the detainees to eat as much as possible in order to increase their weight by 25%, in exchange for a reduced sentence. Some volunteers could not reach the goal even though they tried with all the effort possible, arriving to take on 10,000 calories a day. Sims it concluded that some obesity is an almost impossible goal e.
E 'in this spirit that ten volunteers lean - not dieting - have been recruited in the most hospitable circumstances, for a recent experiment developed in a Horizon documentary (BBC). Ten for a month were stuffed as much as possible of pizza, chips, ice cream and chocolate, not doing gymnastics, and limiting carefully every movement.
friends hate me
The medical student Katherine Hanan, 21, said he had never put on a diet or doing sports, before the experiment. "I've always eaten whatever remaining very thin. I'm really lucky and friends hate me," he says.
During the study, Katherine and the other volunteers had double the daily caloric intake, which ranged from 3,500 to 5,000 women and men.
The outcome of the process could strengthen the theories of Dr. Rudy Leibel of Columbia University (New York), who believes that everyone has a natural weight biologically determined that our body strives to maintain, whatever that is skinny or fat. "The body tends to constantly bring us back to his normal weight, whatever it is," he says.
But I do not believe it's all here. There are other issues that affect the weight of a human being. "The 50% is due to genes and 50 possibly the environment. If you have the gene for Huntington's disease, the disease develops in 100% of cases. This is not the case with obesity." The four weeks of
abbuffathon have been easier for some than for others.
II voluntary Patel-Thomas Campbell, sports enthusiast and racer, has suffered for the constraint on physical.
Food and puddings
"Eating was so much easier, because when I prepare for one of my races I eat more than usual," says the BBC. "I was one of the two who did not suffer at all. The hard part was limited to 5,000 steps a day. The minimum physical activity touched it once I was home, leaving only to get to and from McDonald's. But even so I had scored at least 8,000 steps. "
Katherine describes one of his typical daily menu during the experiment. The bulk of the calories reaches with sugary snacks and puddings.
"I wake up and eat two pain au chocolat, plus a large cup of hot chocolate with whipped cream. In mid-morning, a packet of crisps are high in fat or chocolate mousse, but sometimes I make a real small meal. Lunch must be substantial - with Sheperds' pie and the like. For half a bowl of ice cream snack. For dinner I eat for lunch such as adding, however, two puddings. Also drink a pint every day and a half of milk chocolate with ... ice cream. "
Unlike Thomas, Katherine's body rejected the force-feeding - to vomit every week.
Two other volunteers were not able to reach very far - they could not eat all that food in one day and failed to reach the total of calories required.
A persistent appetite
After four weeks Katherine took 3 pounds - almost 7% more of its weight. Thomas, however, has put on 5.5 kg - an increase of body mass by 9%.
Of the two who have hardly reached the amount of total calories, took only half a kilo - a mere 1% more weight, while the other has seen off his body fat percentage, despite an increase of weight was more than 5 kg.
The results show the different reactions of different bodies are faced with an excess of calories.
One expert, Professor Jane Wardle, believes the answer is genetic, and go through the known gene FTO. Adults with a variant of this gene, on average, gain weight more than anyone else. Wardle believes that the gene may influence appetite, leading some people to not feel the sense of satiety .
who does not possess the gene FTO refuses the food more easily. "They do not make any effort, because they do not even want to eat. They do not have to use willpower and self-control, while in others the response to the sight of food does not go off even when they already have enough to eat."
Dr. Leibel notes that some people, such as those that have not reached the predetermined number of calories, have an appetite that just floats, regardless of what they decide, or be told of having to eat.
muscle, not fat
This works in both directions, said Leibel. If someone loses a lot of weight, often as a result will have a hunger continues, even if he eats enough to survive. "Think of it as a thermostat, and each of us has his own set-point," he adds, "when you go below that point the body begins to implement strategies that require the recovery of lost weight."
And while excess calories usually increases the body fat, one of the volunteers in question has denied the rule by putting up a lot of weight (4.5 kg) maintaining the same body shape. The extra weight has changed everything in muscles instead of fat, increasing the metabolism of 30% of the subject.
There is another reason why some do not ever get fat, states Dr. Carel le Roux, obesity specialist who oversaw the experiment. "Research shows that the tendency to accumulate weight as muscle or fat is genetically determined," he says.
Those who showed signs of binge eating after the end of the experiment have seen everything back to normal soon, and without a strict diet or increased exercise. Thomas confirms that it is easily done.
"After the first week," he says, "my pants I was fine as always, and did not take long to return to usually the hole in the belt. "
0 comments:
Post a Comment